Value relevance of realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities

The value of exercising control over monetary gains and losses.

Using functional MRI, we examined how the affective experience of choice, the means by which individuals exercise control, is modulated by the valence of potential outcomes (gains, losses). When trials involved potential gains, participants reported liking cues predicting a choice opportunity better than cues predicting no choice opportunity--an effect that corresponded with blood-oxygen-level-...

the evaluation and comparison of two esp textbooks available on the iranian market for teaching english to the students of medicine

abstract this study evaluated and compared medical terminology and english for the students of medicine (ii) as two representatives of the textbooks available on the iranian market for teaching english to the students of medicine. this research was performed on the basis of a teacher’s and a number of students’ attitudes and the students’ needs analysis for two reasons: first, to investigate...

Are Investors’ Gains and Losses from Securities Fraud Equal Over Time? Theory and Evidence

Dopaminergic correlates of unexpected gains or losses in reward value

Successive negative and positive contrast occurs when the incentive value of a rewarding stimulus is devalued or increased unexpectedly and has been observed in many species ranging from bumble bee to man [1]. In two separate studies, we employed brain dialysis to monitor changes in dopamine (DA) efflux in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) of the rat during both negative and positive contrast as evid...

Comparing gains and losses.

Loss aversion in choice is commonly assumed to arise from the anticipation that losses have a greater effect on feelings than gains, but evidence for this assumption in research on judged feelings is mixed. We argue that loss aversion is present in judged feelings when people compare gains and losses and assess them on a common scale. But many situations in which people judge and express their ...